Gun sight



Sept 3,1'94Y`; J. D. TEAR ETAL 407,191

' GUN SIGHT Filed Janfz'z.. 1941 4 sheets-sheet 1 """fff'lw IO llllllllllllllllllll n Septf 3,' 1946. J. D, TEAR ETAL GUN SIGHT Filed Jan. 22, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENToRs JAMES D.TEAR

` CHAS- W`BUCKLEY Sept. 3, 194e.

J. D. TEAR ETAL GUN SIGHT Filed Jan. 22, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 RY. Auw E, u ...m f SBJW EW. 5T M GUN SIGHT Filed Jan. 22, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 JAMES D.TEAR

Paten-ted Sept. 3, 1946 Unire! ras ' carica GUN SIGHT Application January 22, 1941, Serial No. 375,426

10 Claims.

This invention relates to sights for guns and particularly to the type in which a gun is driven under the control of alprecessed gyroscope or other form of variable speed device at adjustable rates of train and elevation and the sight is automatically angularly displaced from the gun in proportion to the rate of the driving of the gun so that the gun leads the sight to allow for the movement of the target during the time of flight of the projectile.

In ring at aircraft from a surface or other ship, such as another aircraft, it has been customary to elevate the gun vertically above the plane of the deck of the surface ship or above or below the horizontal plane of the aircraft (reference plane) and set in the deection, that is, the angular displacement of the sight from the gun, by moving the sight in the slant plane with reference to the gun an amount equal to the deection. The slant plane is dened as the plane including the bore of the gun that intersects the reference plane at an angle equal to the elevation of the gun. It has been customary to set up the elevation correction of the gun, that is, the angular displacement of the gun and the sight in a vertical plane, by moving the sight in the vertical plane with reference to the gun. To the elevation correction due to movement of the target during the time of night is added the super elevation, a correction to the elevation to allow for the curvature of the trajectory of the projectile.

It is well known that when a gun and a sight automatically displaced therefrom for deilection are driven at a set rate of train and the sight falls behind the moving target because the rate of train is too low, the deection also is underset, and increasing the rate of train operates to set in a greater deflection and thus move the sight farther behind the target. This movement of the sight away from the target has been a source A of confusion to the operators for when they have applied a plus correction, for example, to the rate of train they have seen the sight move in a direction opposite to that in which they wished it to move, that is, the sight moved farther behind the target. Operators have therefore had the tendency to add further corrections to the training rate, which caused farther separations of the sight and the target. It has therefore been difficult for the operators to judge how much correction should be applied to the rate of train. It will be apparent that if, in the above conditions, the new rate of train set up by increasing the rate of train was the correct rate, the sight would still be displaced behind the` target and 55 would remain so and it would be necessary to over-correct the rate or set in an excessive rate of train to cause the sight to catch up with the target, that is, move the gun and sight an increment of'train equal to the amount that the sight was behind thetarget at the time the new rate was set in. When the gun and sight in its over-corrected rate of train came to the proper bearing and the sight came on the target it was necessary for the operator' again to changethe rate of train to remove the excess rate. This change, decreasing the rate, also affected the deflection and tended to move the sight oi of the target. Thus this last change in rate became another source of confusion to thel operators.

The same source of confusion has been present when correcting the rate of driving the gun and sight in elevation and setting in the sight depression. y

In an application of James' D; Tear, Serial No. 358,246, led September' 25, 1940, covering Gun sights, there is disclosed a sight mechanism of the type herein shown, a characteristic of which is that when an alteration in the training rate is made by the operator, the sight moves first in relation to the gun in a direction torbri'ng the sight towards the target and then the sight moves in the opposite direction untilV the proper deection angle is obtained for the bearing r'ate setup. C

In an application of James D. Tear and Charles W. Buckley, Serial No. 363,956, led November 2, 1940, covering Gun sights, there is shown a sight mechanism of the said type, a characteristic of which is that when an alteration in the training rate is made by the operator, a temporary excess correction in the rate is also automatically introduced and eventually eliminated to effectV an increment in training of the gun and sight equal to the angular displacement of the sight from the target at the time that the correction to the rate was made.

In an application of James D. Tear, Serial No. 366,093, led November 18, 1940, covering Gun sights, there is shown a sight mechanism having the said characteristics, a further characteristic of which is that when an alteration in deection is applied to the sight by the operator, the gun and sight are trained under the control of a gyro in a direction' opposite to the direction of application of the deflection correction an amount equal to the applied correction to the deection and an additional amount to bring the sight on or slightly ahead of the target.

lThe principal object of the present invention is to provide a mechanism for controlling, through a gyro, the rates of train and elevation of a gun and sight. The control mechanisms leading to the gyro also acts (1) to move the sight towards the target, (2) to initiate, by means of a delayed follow-up mechanism, movements of the sight relative lto the gun to set in the'new and correct deflection and sight depression, and (3) to introduce temporarily excess corrections to the rates to effect increments in train and elevation equal to the angular displacement of the sight from the target at the time that the corrections to the rates were made. Theseexcess corrections are eventually eliminated zthrough the said Adelayed action folloW-up mechanisms'.

Another object of Ithe invention is to provide in such apparatus, mechanisms'responsive to the changes in bearing, elevation and range of the target and the speed of the ring ship, to calculate the effect of the movement of the target as Well ,as the movement .of :the firing ship :,on theide ilection and elevation corrections to :be applied to `(the .sig-bts.

.Another object ofthe inventionis toprovlide'in such apparatus a mechanism Afor .selectively iapplying to the .gyro :an arbitrary additional precessing vv'force of such za value that the gun and sight 'maybe slevved around, that is,'the ygun-'and sight :may be brought quickly fromtheir secured position to a :selected target or brought 'quickly from one itargetfto another.

Other objects of the invention Will `loe apparent from la consideration .of Ithis specication and drawings,in which:

Fig. .I1 .isa 'plan view of one embodimentof fthe invention;

f2 is a `cross-.sectional view taken -on line 2 2 of Fig. i1, except that the details of thecontrol and computing mechanisms are omitted-Land the .operator issshown iin his position with reference to :the .gun and :gun mount;

Fig. .13 is a View similar Lto Fig. 2, except .that the gun :is shown in an elevated position;

Fig. .4 is a .sectional view taken on Vline 4--4 ofFig. 1.;

Fig. 5 Ais an enlarged Yplan view of the front sight and associated mechanism;

Fig. 6 is azschematic'isometricfview of thcwcontrokandcomputinginechanismsg;

Fig. '7 is a View similar to Fig. 6, showing amodication .of the .mechanism .to .apply a precessing force to the gyro;

Fig. 8 is anelevation view taker-iron line -:8`8 of Fig. 71; and

Fig. v9 is a cross-sectional :view taken yon line 5-1'9 Aof Fig. 7.

It .is `Well knovvn that in keeping the vvgun and sight lpointed upon a target, .the rate of change of vbearing (dBo.) in the slant Vplane'of the .gun and sight, vdue to the speed or rate of movement of the firing ship, is equal to the component of the speed or rate of movement of the ring ship, vtaken at `right angles to the bea-ring of the gun, divided :by the range. This relation is Ausually expressed as Where So isthe-speed ofthezringshipABg'is the relative fbearing of .the gun, that is, the bearing of the gun in :the-reference .plane relative to the .centerline of the ship,.and R isthe direct range, that is, range lin the slant plane. `lc is the constant for converting the tangent value of small angles to an angle value.

' plane (dBo) 4 The bearing rate of the gun and the sight in the slant plane (dBs) is made up of two factors: (1) the rate due to the movement of the target in the slant plane (dBi) and (2) the rate due to the movement of the ring ship in the slant This relation may be expressed dBs=dBt+dBo Nor (2) dBt=dBs-dBo Substituting Equation 1 in Equation 2,

Adist-:vins-ks" sjg9 (3) Asthe :deflection ldue to movement of the tai# get, is equal `to the bearing rate due to the target multiplied by the 'time of flight of the projectile (Tl,

Where Dt is the' deflection .due "to Athe movement ofthe target.

In the "patent to Alkan No. 2,183,530, V,it has beerrshown that So `sin Bg YWhere Do vis the deflection in the slant #plane `due to the movement of the firing ship, -Vi is the initial velocity of the projectile, and Eg is the elevation ofthe gun romthe reference plane.

Since small angles are `proportional to their tangents and :since when sin Bg is large cos 'Bg is small and viceversa, So cos Bg cos Eg `may Ibe neglected and Equation `5 may be expressed as vAs the deflection (D) is equal to the sum of Dt and `Do,

S0 sin Bg- So sin Bg Du DH- Do# @dm-,10%. R )HCT 7) So-sin Bg .represents `the reciprocal of the average velocity 1 1 D= TldBs- (W-HCLT- V kISos1n kBg (11) As 'lc :and k1 appear as 4factors in the same unit o 'Equation 12, the const-ant 7c1 is made equal to `The drift of the projectile (Dr) ijs approximately proportional to the time of ght, which may be expressed as Dr=k2T (14) As the total deection of the sight from the gun (Ds) equals the deiiection (D) plus the drift (Dr),

Likewise for elevation, the elevation rate is usually expressed as van dEorSo cos D; s1n Eg dEozhSo cos B] sin Eg e dE=dEt+dEo or (18) dEt=dEdE0 Substituting Equation 17 in Equation 18,

dE,t=dE kiSo cos Bg sin Eg (19) Multiplying the elevation rate due to the movement of the target by the time of flight,

where Et is the correction to the elevation due to the movement of the target.

Likewise, it is known from the reference patent to Alkan that So cos Bg sin Eg Vid-So cos Bg cos Eg Since small angles are proportional to their tangents and since when sin Eg is large cos Eg is smal1 and vice versa, So cos Bg cos Eg may be neglected and Equation 21 becomes tan Eo= (21) k,So cos Bg sin Eg Vi Adding the elevation correction due to the target (Et, Equation 20) andthat due to the ring ship (Eo, Equation 22), the correction due to both the target and the ring ship (E) is expressed as i So cos 12g sin Eg y So cos Bg sin Eg) `:T-dE- Gg- -k-so cos Bg sin Eg 25) The constant K3 is made to equal k3Jc.

As super-elevation (E super) is approximately proportional to the time of night,

The total elevation above the reference plane (Us) equals E plus E super or =T (dE-K3-So cos Bg sin Eg-l-kl) (31) Y e The mechanisms to generate the rates of train and elevation, to solve the equations and compute the corrections to the sight and to control the motors that drive the gun and sight in train and elevation, are enclosed in a box I the walls 2 of which form the supports for the various mechanisms.

The gun 3 is mounted on the box I by suitable recoil mechanisms (not shown). The sights are also mounted on box I and consist of frame 4 and cross wires 5 forming the forward sight and an eyepiece 6 secured to bracket 'I forming the rear sight. The operator sits on a seat 8 mounted on a frame 9 which also carries the box I. For the convenience of the operator in getting into and out of his seat, bracket I is mounted to swing upward on pivots ID and swing down to its proper position as determined by the lug II which engages the walls 2 of box I.

The box I, gun 3, sight frame 4, sight bracket I, and operators seat frame 9, are mounted on a ring I2 which is pivoted by shafts I3 and I4 in ring I5. Ring I2 is free to rotate about the axes of these shafts. Flange I6 on ring I5 and ring II attached to the under side of ring I 5 cooperate with the inwardly extending flange of ring I8 which is secured tothe structure I9 in the reference plane of the firing ship or aircraft and form guides for ring I5 as it is driven about its train axis.

Ring I2 is tilted about the axes of shafts I3 and I4 in accordance with the desired elevation 'of the gun (Eg) by motor 29, shaft 2|, gears 22 and gear 23, which meshes with teeth on arcuate rack 24 secured to ring I5. Bracket Ia, depending from the bottom of box I, provides the support for this gearing. Ring I5 is driven about its train axis in accordance with the desired bearing of the gun (Bg) by motor 25, shaft Ma, concentric with shaft I4, vertical shaft 26, gear 21, and gear 28 which meshes with teeth 29 on ring I8. Bracket |511 secured t0 ring I5 provides a support for this gearing. Ring I8 is secured to structure I9 by bolts 39.

In describing the mechanisms in box I, the movements of their several parts to generate the variable rate of train and to set the sight in deflection will be considered first.

The Voperators rate control handle 3I is mounted for universal movement in a ball and socket joint 32 in the back wall 2 of box I. The inner end of handle 3| engages an arcuate slotted arm 33 which is mounted by pivots 34 on lugs 35 attachedto walls 2. On arm 33 is secured a toothed arcuate rack 36 which meshes with a gear on shaft 3'I which in turn is geared to shaft 38 and transmits the motion of arm 33 and rack 36 to shaft 38. Shaft 3'I is heldin position by bracket 39 secured to Walls 2, the end of bracket 3-9 vforming -a bearing for shaft 31.

Splined on shaft 38 is worm gearv 4U (see Fig. 6) which meshes with worm teeth on an arcuate arm 41' secured to one end of lever 42, which is pivoted at 43 on bracket 44 secured to walls 2. The lower portion of bracket 44 forms the upper support of gyro 45, the vlower su-pport of the g-yro 45 being base :46, in the upper Vend of which is a 'bearing for shaft 41 secured to the gyro support ring 48. The gyro casing 49 is pivoted in ring 48 by shafts 50 which mounting permits the gyro to 'move about its horizontal axis. The gyro 45 is free to turn about its vertical axis on shaft 41 and shaft l, the latter being free to turn in th lower end of bracket 44. The .gyro is precessed about its-vertical axis by applying a force to extensions V52, secured to gyro casing 49 in the spin axis of the gyro, through a -pair of springs 53 secured to lever 4,2, which as previously described receives its motion from worm gear 48. It will thus be seen that a transverse movement of the control handle 3l will cause a corresponding processing of the gyro to the right or left. The gears involved are so connected `as to precess the gyro to the right for a pointing of rate control handle r3| to the right, that is, clockwise rotation as viewed from above. The gun and sight are driven in train by the motor which is connected to rotate ring l5, as previously described. Motor 25 is controlled by fixed contacts 54, 54 which are insulated lfrom each other and from a supporting plate 55. One or the other of these contacts 54 is in contact with roller 55 mounted on 4lever -arm 51 which is connected to shaft 41. The electrical connections between contacts Y54 and roller 56 and motor 25 are of the conventional type and are not shown.

The values of the bearing of the gun (Bg), represented by the rotational position of shaft .|4a. of motor 25 are umade available t0 the mechanisms inside box l by gear 58 on shaft I 4a meshing with gear 59 onshaft 60, which extends inside box 1 as shown in Figs. 1 and 6.

The range of the target is made available to 1 the mechanisms in box'l by shaft 6| which is kept set to the proper position by handle 62.

In the embodiment of the invention as shown in Fig. 6. the speed of the firing ship (So) is set into the combined vector solver and multiplier $3 as a fixed value and is represented by the distance from the center of disk 64 of the pin B5, which is secured in disk 64. Pin B5 slides in the slots in component arms 65 and 61, It is apparent that various values of ship speed may be set into the vector solver and multiplier 63 by adjustably supporting the pin 65 as on a rack and sliding it radially in a groove in disk 64 in a conventional manner.

As. previously described, the rotational position of shaft 38 represents Ythe rate of train of the gun and sight in the slant plane (ldBs). This value is transmitted to differential 68 through differential 69 by shafts 1D and 1|. V

With the inputs of vector solver and multiplier 6.3 of So and Bg, as previously described, the output, represented by the position of the sine arm 66 represents So sinBQ. The movement of arm E6 is transmitted to differentialA 68, by shaft 12, where it is combined with the movement of shaft 1l. The, constant KI is introduced into this mechanism byy selecting the size of thegear 12a connecting arm 56 to shaft 12,

The output of differential, shaft 13, repre- ,sentsdBs-K 1 So sin Bg. This value is multiplied .by Y,the time of'fiight of the projectile (T), which is proportional to the range (R)` as represented by the rotational position of shaft 6l, in multiplier 14 the output of which, shaft 15, represents T(dBs-K1So sin Big-H62) or Ds (Equation 16). 'Ihe constant k2 is applied in the mechanism by selecting the point of meshing ofthe gear'on the end of shaft 13 with the arm of the multiplier '14.

'The motion of shaft 15 is transmitted to the vertical cross wirel by gear 16r on shaft 15 meshing with gear 11 on hollow shaft 18 which is geared to rack 19 (Fig. 4). Rack T9 slides in grooves in frame 4 and carries the vertical cross wire 5, which is stiff enough to maintain its upright position. The upper end of vertical wire 5 slides in groove 8l in Aframe 4.,

As previously indicated, it is desired that the first direct action of a movement ofV the rate control handle 31 for an Aincrease of rate of train be to move the sight towards the target, to set up in the train control mechanism an increased rate of train and at the same time to set up an excess rate of train. It is also desired that through a delayed action follow-up mechanism the sight be moved in a direction opposite to its first movement to its corrected deflection position and the excess rate of train be removed so that'the gun and sight -are moving at the corrected rate of train and the gun and sight havebeen moved an increment in train equal Vto the amount that the sight was behind the target at the time the increased rate of train was set in.

To accomplish this, the gears on shaft 10, the gears forming the sides 0f differential 69, as well as all of the other gears beyond this point, are so assembled that the vertical cross wire 5 will be moved toward the target for a movement of the rate control handle 3l to increase the rate. As an example, if the rate control handle is pointed to the rightfor the training of the gun and sight to the right, and the sight lags behind the target and the handle is pointed further to the right, the rate of train to the right is increased and the sight is moved towards the target.

The delayed movement of the sight away from the target to its corrected position is accomplished by connecting the third side ofY differential 69 to the output of variable speed device B2 by shaft 83. The constant speed element of variable speed device 82 is driven by motor 84 through' shaft 85. 'The control member 86 is connected to one side of differential 81 by shaft 88, the other two sides of differential 81 being shafts 1u and 83 respectively. Shaft 88 is also connected to rack frame member 89 by which worm gear 4D is restrained against movement along shaft 38. It will thus be seen that with the control member 36 of variable speed device 82 in its mid or neutral position the initial veffect of a movement of rate control handle 3l to increase the rate of train ymoves shafts 18 and 1I and moves vertical cross wire 5 towards th'e target. Shaft 10 also vmoves control member '86 from its mid position and moves frame 39 and wor-m gear 40' to yapply an added or excess precessing force on gyro 45. As soon as the control member 86 of variable speed device 82 is moved from its mid position, shaft 83 begins to move shaft 1| in the opposite direction from that due `to its initial movement and in an amount such that the ultimate position of shaft 1| 'represents the'correct new rate of train and the sight is set at the corrected deflection. The amount shaft 1I is moved in th'e opposite direction by shaft 83 is that required to restore control member 86 and frame 89 to their mid or neutral positions.

The movement of the shaft 1| rst in one direction to move the sight towards the target and themovement `of the shaft 1| secondly in the opposite direction to set the sight to the new or corrected deflection has been described as two movements, both' movements being transmitted to shaft 1| by differential 69. In practice the times of these movements overlap and the actual movement of shaft 1| at any given instant depends upon which of the two movements transmitted `to differential 69 predominates at the given instant. However, it is apparent that the first AVmovement of the sight towards the target as initiated directly by shaft 10, for shaft 83 is stationary inthe mid position, starts before the second movement as initiated by shaft 83 becomes fully effective because of th'e delayed action of variable speed device 82. It is also ap,- parent that the second movement is completed after the first movement is completed. The overall resulting movement of shaft 1| then is to move the sight towards the target and then away from the target until the new or corrected deection is set up. s

The temporary excess training rate is set in by the direct action of shaft 19 through differential 81 and shaft 88 which is connected to rack frame 89 which supports worm gear 40. The vertical movement of frame 89 and worm gear 40 places a precessing 'force von gyro 45 through arcuate arm' 4|, lever 42'and spring 53. The excess precessing rate is removed by the delayed follow-up action of variable speed device 82, the output of which, shaft 83, is connected to shaft 88 by differential 81. The control member 86 of variable speed device 82 isalso restored to its mid or neutral position by shaft 83, differential 81 and shaft.

Likewise for setting the sight for corrections in elevation, rate control h'andle` 3| engages slotted arm 90 which is pivoted on lugs 9| secured to the walls 2.` `Gears 92 connect arm 90 to shaft 93. On a splined section of shaft 93 is worm gear 94 which meshes with. arcuate arm 95 on one end of lever 96 pivoted for rotation at 91 in the top of base 98 which is secured to the lower wall 2. Lever 96'is connected to lever arm 51 by springs 99. It is thus seen that a precessing force is applied to gyro 45 by handle 3| in accordance with the rate of change of elevation (dE). Th'e force applied by springs` 99 causes thegyro 45 to precess about the axis ofV shafts 50 and move roller contact into contact with either fixed contact |0I or fixed contact |02. Roller contact |00 and contacts |0| and |02 are connected to a suitable sourceof power and to motor 20, previously described, which drives ring |2, gun 3, box and operators seat frame 9 in elevation, following the angle of elevation of the spin axis of the gyroscope 45. s

" The values of elevation of the gun, represented by the rotational position of shaft 2|, are made available to the mechanisms in box by gears |03 and shaft |04 whichextends through the walls2 of box ,The elevation rate, represented by the rotational position of shaft 93, is. transmitted to differential |05 `throughdifferential |06 and shaft |01. The value of-So cosBg sin Eg is lobtained bythe conventional vector analyzer and multiplier |08, the inputs being respectively the value of Eg, representedY by the rotation of -shaft |04, andthe .value "Socos Bg, represented by the rotation of shaft |09, which is connected to the cosine arm 61 of vector solver and multiplier 63.

Th'e output of the multiplier |08 is represented by the rotation of shaft l0. The value of K3 is introduced by selecting the size of gear connecting shaft ||0 to multiplier |08. The output of multiplier |08 is combined with the elevation rate, shaft |81, by differential |05, the output of which, shaft 2, represents 'I'his value is multiplied by the time of flight (T) by multiplier ||3 which is connected to shaft ||2 and to shaft 6|. The constant R4 is added to the output of differential |05 by the selection of the point of meshing of gear ||4 en shaft 2 with its input arm of multiplier I3.

The output of multiplier ||3 (Us) (see Equation 30) is transmitted to horizontal cross wire 5 byshaft ||5, gears IIS, shaft ||1 turning within hollow shaft 18, gears ||8 and rack ||9 to which the horizontal cross wire is attached. Rack |9 slides in a groove in frame 4. The free end of horizontal wire 5 slides in a groove in frame 4 on the side opposite to rack ||9.

The connections for moving the sight towards the target for` an increased elevation rate, setting up an excess elevation rate, moving the sight with delayed action in the opposite direction and removing the excess rate, are the same as for the corresponding functions for changing the rate of train and deflection as previously described. Shaft 93 the rotation of which represents dE, is connected to the control member |20 of variable speed device |2| through differential |22 and shaft |23. Shaft |23 is also connected by gear |24 to a rack frame |25 engaging the ends of worm gear 94. The constant speed element of variable speed device |2| is connected to the constant speed motor 84 by shaft |26. The output of variable speed device 2| is connected to the third side of differential |06 by shaft |21 and to the third side of differential |22 by shaft |28. Thus at the same time that shaft 93 introduces the quantity dE into the differentials |06 and |22 and a corresponding vertical precessional force on the gyro 45, the shaft |23 is bodily moving the worm gear 94 through the rack frame |25 to introduce an additional or excess precessional force which is eliminated as the variable speed device |2| restores the control member |20 to mid position.

l In the modification of the invention shown in Fig. '1 the precessing forces are applied to the |29 isfjournaled to 'receive pivots |30 on plate |3| andsalso journaled to receive pivot |32 on beam |33. A constant force'is 'applied to plate |3| lbyfsprings |34 secured to frame I 29. Two springs are shown, but they could be replaced'by` a single spring, it being necessary only thatthe plate |3| be forced under a constant pressure towards the pivoted beam |33. s 'n In grooves in .beam |33 and plate |3| slide The third side of differential 81 is connectedA li respectively lower roller |35 and upper rollers |36. These rollers are secured by shafts in .carriage |31 to which is attached a threaded lug |38. Lug |38 engages a threaded shaft |39 connected to differential |44, the inputs of which are connected to shafts 88 and 19 previously described. It will thus beseen that shaft |39 is moved directly by shaft 'I-D in .accordance with any changes in the setting ofthe elevation rate through shaft I and also in accordance with the movement of control member 86 of variable speed device 82 which responds to the movement of shaft 'ill through differential 81 in one direction .and later in the opposite direction through the follow-up action of shaft 83. When roller is directly over pivot |32 there will be no tendency of beam |33 to turn about its pivot, but as carriage |31 is moved to one side of pivot |132, the forces. exerted at the ends of the beam |33 by springs |34 will be in proportion tothe displacement of roller |35 from pivot |32.' These variable forces are applied to the gyroscope 45 bywires |41 attached to the ends vof beam |33 andl to extensions152.

An arbitrary additional processingv force to slew the gun from a. secured'position to a target 01' move the gun quickly from Yone target to another may be applied. to `gyrolt by wire |42 which is connected to arm |43 extending Vfrom plate |31.Y Wire |42 is placed vin vtension by Y treadle. |44 extending through walls 2- and pivoted 0n, lugs |45v secured to bottom wall 2 of box l. For .smoothness in the operation of applying the additional precessing forces, spring |46. is intere posed between the treadleA |44 and wire |421 and spring |47 is interposed between treadle |441and the bottom wall of. box: Y.

Likewise, for changes. in thev elevation rates, plate |48 is pivotally mounted on lugs. |49 secured to.- the. bottom wall: off box and beam. |59 is pvotally mounted on base. 9B. In carriage |5| are mounted roller |52 which moves in a groovev in beam 50; and'rollersv [5:3 which move in a groove in plate |48.. On carriage |=5| is a threaded lug |54 which engages threaded shaft [5.5, which is :connected to differential L56, the inputs ofv which are, connected to shafts 93 and |213 previously` described. Y

constant force is applied to. plate. |48 by springs. |57, connected toplate |481and to bracket |58. whichA is rigidlysecured to base 46'; Bracket |53 also supports contacts 54. The variablerotation force of beam is transmittedV to lever Y arm 51 by wires |595.

4Au, additional precessing force may be applied bytreadle |44' which is connected to plate |48 by spring; and lever arm |61V rigidly attached to the pivot of plate |48.

The rsight frame; 4i may be swung clear ofthe gun when it is desired to remove the. gun. from The combined support. tube |62 and stif-4 feningbracket |631 may be rotated about flanged box; l.

bytnose skilled inthe arti in thepdetail's ofY the I embodimenty ofthe invention illustratedin' the drawings and describedjin detailV above within pressed'in the appended claims Y;

We claim:

1, Gun,Sighting alrparatus for use; on moving the principle and scopeof the invention Vas exl2 ships and other craft comprisingfabase adjustable about a train axis, a sight carried by the base and .angularly adjustable with respect to a datum line thereon, power means for training the base, a relay'device in control of the power means, manual means operative to actuate the relay, a mechanical Vvector operatively connected to beset in direction by the power means and'in length .according to the ships speed and including component solving means, transmitting means operative to receive and transmit the movement of the manual means, means for lcom-- bining a sight angle component ofthe vector with the movementof the transmitting means, a mult-iplier adapted to have a function ofv range introduced thereinas one input and the said combination as the other input, and means operated by said multiplier for adjusting the sight according to the product. 'n

.2g Gun sighting apparatus for use on moving ships and other craft comprising a base adjustable about a train and an elevation axis, a sight carried by the base and angularly adjustable with respect toa datum line thereon, power means for trai-ninga'nd elevating the base, a relay device in Ycontrol of the trainV and the elevation Y power means, manual means operative to actuate the relay, a mechanical vectorV operatively connected to be set ini direction by the train power means and in length according to the ships speed and including component solving means, a second mechanical vector operatively connected to be set in direction by theV elevation power meansand set in lengthvat unity and including component solving means, a multiplier adapted to have as inputs a sight angle component of therst vector anda sight angle component ofthe second vector, transmitting means operative to receive and' transmit the movement of the manual means, means for combining `the .output of the multiplying; means and the movementof the transmitting means, `a second multiplier adaptedv to have a function of' range introduced therein as one input and the said combination as theother input, and means operated bysaid multiplier for adjusting. tlie sight according to the product.

3;V Gun sighting apparatus for use. on movingI ships'v and other craft comprising, a base adjust-l able about a train axis, a sight carried by the base and angularly adjustable with respect toa datumr line thereon, powermeans for training. thel base, a relay .devicein control. of thepower means, manual means operative4 to actuate the relay, means settable by the. manual meansA and according tol'the train angle -of the gun and the speedv of Vthe 'ship'and the range of the target for adjusting directly the position of the 'sight relative tothe datum line. in one direction` and in one ratio, a delayed follow-up mechanism the control member of whichf is. connectedv to the 4. Gunsighting apparatus for use' onmoving ships and other' craft comprising a', base adjustable about a trai-n axis, a sightr carried by the base and: angularly.-'adjustable with respect to a datum linev thereon,- 'power' means for training thebase, a relay devicev in controlof thepowei" means, mahualfmeans operativeto actuate the relay, means settable by ther manual' means and according tol thetrainA angle of the gun andthe" speed of the ship and the range of the target for adjusting directly the position ofthe sight relative to the datum line in one direction and in one ratio, a delayed follow-up mechanism the control member of which is connected to the manual means, means connecting the control member to the relay device for imparting to the relay device an additional control movement, and means connecting the output of the delayed follow-up mechanism to the relay device for delayedly neutralizing the said additional control movement.

5. Gun sighting apparatus for use on moving ships and other craft comprising a base adjustable about a train and an elevation axis, a sight carried bythe base and angularlyadjustable with respect to a datum line thereon, power means for training and for elevating the base, a relay device in control of the train and the elevation power means, manual means operative to actuate the relay, means settable by the manual means and according to the train angle and the elevation angle of the base and the speed of the ship and the range of the target for adjusting directly the position of the sight relative to the datum line in one direction and in one ratio, delayed follow-up mechanisms the control members of which are respectively connected to the manual means, and means connecting the outputs of the delayed follow-up mechanisms to the adjusting means, whereby the position of the sight in train and elevation relative to the datum line is adjusted in respective opposite directions and in another ratio.

6. Gun sighting apparatus comprising a base adjustable about a train axis, power means for training the base, a sight carried by the base and angularly adjustable with respect to a datum line thereon, a gyro relay device in control of the power means, a pivoted beam, a carriage mounted on the beam, manual means for moving the carriage along the beam, resilient means applied to the carriage in the direction of the beam, means connecting the beam to the gyro relay device for impressing a precessing force on the gyro, auxiliary resilient means to selectively supplement the effect of the said resilient means, and means actuated by the manual means to adjust the sight with respect to the datum line.

7. Gun sighting apparatus comprising a base adjustable about a train axis, power means for training the base, a sight carried by the base and angularly adjustable in train with respect to a datum line thereon, a relay device in control of the power means, a rst manual means operative to actuate the relay, means actuated by said first manual means to angularly adjust the sight in train with respect to the datum line, and additional manual means connected to increase the response of said relay device to said rst manual means.

8. Gun sighting apparatus comprising a base adjustable about a train axis, power means for training the base, a sight carried by the base and angularly adjustable in train with respect to a datum line thereon, a gyro relay device in control of the power means, precessing means operative to apply precessing forces to the gyro, Ya rst manual means to actuate said precessing means, means actuated by said first manual means to angularly adjust the sight in train with respect to the datum line, and additional manual means connected to increase the response of said precessing means to said first manual means.

9. Gun sighting apparatus comprising a base adjustable about train and elevation axes, power means for turning the base in train and elevation, a relay device in control of the train and elevation power means, a rst manual means movable to actuate the relay device, a sight mounted for angular adjustment relative to the base in train and in elevation, means actuated by said rst manual means to adjust said sight in train and in elevation relative to said base, and additional manual means connected to increase the response of said relay device to said irst manual means.

10. Gun sighting apparatus comprising a base adjustable about train and elevation axes, power means for training and elevating the base, a gyro relay device in control of the train and elevation power means, precessing means to apply precessing forces in train and elevation to the gyro, a rst manual means to actuate said precessing means, a sight mounted for angular adjustment relative to the base in train and in elevation,

means actuated by said first manual means to adjust said sight in train and in elevation relative to said base, and additional manual means connected to increase the response of said precessing means to said first manual means.

JAMES D. TEAR. CHARLES W. BUCKLEY. 

